Health expenditures (total, public and private) and per capita income in the BRICS+T: panel bootstrap causality analysis

Purpose The study aims to determine whether there is a bidirectional causality relationship between health expenditures and per capita income in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa Turkey (BRICS+T). Design/methodology/approach For that purpose, the 2000–2018 period data of variables were tested with Kónya (2006) panel test. Additionally, relationships public private also investigated study. Findings According analysis results, no statistically significant from total relevant countries. Besides, unidirectional only Turkey. On other hand, determined. Consequently, was found out Russia Originality/value are for first time BRICS+T countries, vis-à-vis under consideration method used.